ljz]if
l6Kk0fL÷g]kfn—ef/t ;DaGw
c;dfg
l5d]sL, c;fdfGo ;DaGw
g]kfnn] ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ alnof] / ts{k"0f{
w/ftndf /fVg] a]nf ePsf] 5 . ;+j]bgzLntf / :jfledfgdf cfwfl/t
ef/t;DaGwL gLlt tyf ;DaGw v8f ug{ sf]lzz u/]– lgM;Gb]x eGg
;lsG5– ef/t klg g]kfn;Fu ;dsIfLs} Jojxf/ ug{ afWo x'g]5Ù
bfgkfqsf] xf]Og .
• sgsdl0f
bLlIft, gofFlbNnLaf6 kms]{kl5
/ljg ;fo\ld |
Pp6f ;do
lyof], hltv]/ ef/tLo g]t[Tjkª\ltdf g]kfnk|lt …a8]efOÚ
sf] pbf/tf /, g]kfnL /fhgLlts g]t[TjnfO{ pRrtd ef/tLo g]tfx¿;Dd
;Lwf kx'Fr k|fKt x'GYof] . g]tfx¿sf] o:tf] cfTdLotf
s'g} ;do ;Fu} /fhgLlt u/]sf] sf/0f ag]sf] xf] . cfh;Dd klg
s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] To:tf] ;Dks{ 5Ù
t/ z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, dfwjs'df/ g]kfn h:tf gofF g]tfx¿sf] nflu
Tof] pknAw 5}g . ptf /f0ff–zfx vnsnfO{ klg ef/tLo vfGbfgL
kl/jf/x¿;Fu laxfaf/Lsf] ;DaGwn] g]kfnsf] s'/f …7fpFÚ
df k'¥ofpg] dfWod pknAw lyof]Ù t/ To:tf] …P8\efG6]hÚ
ca ‰08}‰08} ;'ls;s]sf] 5 . cfhsn ef/tsf] g]kfn–gLlt
…Jofj;flosÚ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf xftdf 5 / o;df cfTdLotfsf]
:yfg lbgk|ltlbg 36\b} 5 . t;y{ g]kfnn] klg …5f]6]efOÚ
sf] c8afË] Jojxf/ Tofu]/ g]kfnsf] ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ Jofj;flos,
kf/bzL{ / kl/kSj agfpg} kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
s;}n] ;f]r]sf lyP, ef/tLo hgtf kf6L{sf] …lxGb"jfbLÚ
nrstfsf] sf/0fn] tyfslyt lxGb" /fi6«nfO{ :jtM e"/fhgLlts
kmfObf x'g]5, t/ Tof] ePg . efhkfsf] sfo{sfndf ‰g\ g]kfnnfO{
cK7]/f] kfg]{ lqmofsnfk eP, h:t} ljdfg ckx/0f sf08kl5 cfjthfjtdf
sl8s8fp, ;g\ !((^ sf] Jofkf/ ;lGwsf] k'gn]{vg / yk Jojwfg, g]kfndf
cfO{P;cfO{sf] tyfslyt v]nsf] xf}jfnfO{ a9fjf, OToflb .
b]zsf] ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L s"6gLlts pmhf{sf]
/fd|f] pkof]u x'g;s]sf] 5}g, /fhgLlt1x¿sf] ef/t–s]lGb|t
;f]r / gofFlbNnL ;dIf cfTd;Ddfg g} g/fvL ‰'Sg] k|j[lQn] ubf{ .
To;dfly gful/s ;dfhsf] Pp6f kIf ef/tn] g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} dfldnfdf
klg if8oGq u5{ eGg] ljZjf; /fVb5 . o;sf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f ;fdflhs
g]t[Tjsf] n3'tfef; xf], h;df cWoog / ljZn]if0f, u[xsfo{, ;an s"6gLlt
/ v'nf ax; u/]/ ef/tnfO{ cfˆgf] egfOdf dgfpg ;S5f}F eGg] cfTdljZjf;
5}g .
ut bzssf] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLlts cGof]nn] klg
ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ cfsng / lgoGq0f aflx/ /fv]sf] 5 . g]kfnL
/fhgLlts g]t[TjnfO{ ef/t;dIf hfFbf cfˆg} …PS:kf]h/Ú
sf] sdLn] t lk/f]N5 g}, cfhsf] kl/l:yltdf hgk|ltlglwTjsf] cefjn]
klg cfTdansf] sdL dx;"; ePsf] x'g'k5{ . hgtfsf] …Dof08]6Ú
kfPsf] k|wfgdGqL of jftf{sf/sf] /jfkm g} cs}{ x'G5 ljb]zLsf ;fd' .
t/ /fhgLlt1nfO{ ;a}eGbf v'DRofpg] / k|efljt kfg]{ kIf rflxF sf7df8f}Fsf]
;'ljwfef]uL / ljåt\ ju{df kfOg] ;lhnf] …ef/t lj/f]wLÚ
wf/0ff g} xf] .
…ef/tn] g]kfnnfO{ slxNo} /fd|f] ub}{gÚ
eGg] wf/0ff /f0ffsfnaf6 k~rfotsfnnfO{ k|fKt ;f}uft lyof] .
/fhf dx]Gb|n] ef/tlj/f]wL wf/0ffnfO{ tTsfnLg k~rfotL ;Qfsf] kIfdf
hg;dy{g h'6fpg] ;}4flGts s8L agfP / nf]stGqk|]dLx¿ ;a} …c/fli6«o
tTjÚ -dfg] ef/t kIfLo_ sxnfOP . k~rfotsf] ktg x'Fbf
klg /fhf dx]Gb|n] 78\ofPsf] ef/tsf] k|ltzf]wdf cfwfl/t …g]kfnL
/fi6«jfbÚ oyfjt\ g} /Xof], / kf6L{x¿ ;Qfdf gx'Fbf
Pscsf{nfO{ ufnLunf}h ug]{ qmL8f:yn klg ToxL aGg k'Uof] . oxL
P]ltxfl;s ef/tlj/f]wL cjwf/0ff dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLsf] klg Ps d'Vo
;}4flGts :tDe /x]sf] 5 .
ef/tsf] ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s d'sflanf ug'{sf] ;§f
lj/f]w u/]/ ;Gt'li6 lng]x¿n] jf:tjdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] ckx]ngf
ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . xfdL Psflt/ /fli6«otfsf] 8Dkm"
ahfpF5f}F / P]ltxfl;s uf]vf{nL ufyfsf] avfg u5f}{F eg] csf]{lt/
nfrf/ eP/ …;fgf] e"kl/j]li7t d'n'sÚ eGb} ef/t;Fu
cg]s lsl;dsf PstkmL{ ;x'lnot vf]lh/xG5f}F . o;/L cl3cl3 cfkm"nfO{
lgwf]{ b]vfP/ lªRr kg]{ / kl5kl5 ufnL ug]{ k|j[lQ g]kfnL ;dfhsf
clwsf+z pRr tKsfsf JolQmx¿df b]vf kb{5 . n]vs / ljåfg\x¿
tTsfnsf] ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsf] nflu, hgtfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] e"/fhgLlts
jf:tljstfnfO{ la;{Fb} rsf{ / pQ]hgfTds n]v / l/kf]6{x¿ tof/
kf5{g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf pRrtd hg]{nx¿
ef/tLo ;]gfaf6 7"nf] kl/df0fdf ;xfotf lnFbflnFb} klg cgf}krfl/s
hd36df ef/tsf] ToxL ;xfotfsf] lgotdfly zÍf p7fpg kl5kg]{
u/]sf 5}gg\ . o:tf s}of}F pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5g\ .
jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf ha g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] jf:tljs lxtsf]
s'/f p7\g yfN5, Tolta]nf g]kfnL jftf{sf/ / s"6gLlt1x¿n]
ef/tLo kIfaf6 cln a9L dof{bf klg kfpg ;S5g\ /, cfˆgf dfux¿
:ki6 /fVg] x}l;ot /fVb5g\ . z]]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] utxKtfsf] ef/tsf]
…jls{ª lelh6Ú sf] xsdf zfob o:tf] lrGtg c;fGble{s
5 . pxfF t dfcf]jfbL ;d:ofsf] Jofjxfl/s ;dfwfgsf] nflu ef/tsf]
;xfotfsf] vf]hLdf hfg'ePsf] lyof] / pxfFs} zAbdf To;sf] lglDt …k"0f{
;xof]usf] arga4tfÚ lnP/ kmls{g'ePsf] 5 . km]l/ g]kfn–ef/t
;DaGwnfO{ gofF / ;Ddfghgs w/ftndf pEofpg' sfdsfhL g]tf / /fhgLlt1sf]
xftsf] s'/f dfq klg gxf]nf .
/fli6«otf / ef/t
g]kfnL /fHo blIf0f Pl;ofs} ;aeGbf k'/fgf] /fHo xf]– @)) jif{
h]7f], hals e'6fgnfO{ 5f]8]/ c¿ ;a} ^) jif{eGbf dflysf 5}gg\ .
t;y{, oxL Oltxf;sf] e/df klg /fli6«o :jfledfg kof{Kt 5 g]kfnL
d'6'df . ;fy} of] b]zsf] ;jf]{Ts[i6 hftLo ljljwtf g]kfnL /fli6«otfsf]
P]ltxfl;s lglw xf] . o;df cfh cfP/ g]kfnL /fli6«otf eg]sf]
;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df cfwfl/t
x'g'k5{ eGg] ylkg'kb{5 . h'g wf/0ff / lqmofsnfkn] cfd g]kfnL
hgtfsf] k|ultnfO{ 6]jf lbG5 ToxL g} /fli6«otf xf] . ef/t;Fusf]
;DaGwdf klg oxL ;f]rnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .
g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf] k|;Ëdf s'/f ubf{ ef/tLo
kIfdf ;/sf/L kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] cx+ ‰lNsG5 eg] g]kfnL kIfdf
cfTdxLgtfaf]w / csd{0otf . ;Ifd, hjfkmb]xL, kf/bzL{ / ljZj;gLo
/fhgLlts, Ao"/f]qm]l6s tyf af}l4s g]t[Tj ePsf] cj:yfdf ef/t;Fu
gofF Jojxf/sf] ;'?cft x'g;S5, h;n] cGttf]uTjf g]kfnL hgtfsf] enf]
ub{5 . cfˆg} v'§fdf a~r/f] xfGg] k|j[lQn] eg] lg/y{s
/fhgLlt÷s"6gLlt ug]{x¿nfO{ lg0f{o lng] 7fpFdf
k'¥ofpFb5 / k"/} lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{sf hgtfsf] jt{dfg /
eljio vNaNofOlbG5 . ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw pRrsf]l6sf sf7df8f}Faf;Lsf
nflu a}7s] ukmsf] ljifo x'Fbfx'Fb} ax';ª\Vos g]kfnL hgtfsf]
/f]hL/f]6L;Fu klg ufFl;Psf] 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{
h?/L 5 .
tl:a/x¿M uf}td bfxfn
|
o;} t ut b'O{ ztfAbLb]lv g} w]/} u|fdL0f g]kfnL hgtfsf]
sfdsf] ynf] /xFb} cfPsf] 5, ef/t . cfh ‰g\ cftÍaf6
ql;t eP/ x/]s lbg xhf/f}Fsf] ;ª\Vofdf g]kfnLx¿ d'Unfg
cyf{t\ ef/t k:b}5g\ . tL g]kfnLx¿sf] 3/sf] cj:yf, cfocfh{gsf]
;|f]t, ;fdflhs pTyfg / ;–;Ddfg 3/ kms{g] af6f] l;h{gf ug{'
g} cfh g]kfnL …/fli6«otfÚ sf] cGt/ tTj x'g'k5{ .
t/ xfdL eg] cfhsf] 38Ldf klg /fli6«otfsf k'/fgf s[lqd lrGxx¿df
s'g} u[xsfo{ gu/L ;txL /fli6«otf of /fi6«jfbn] b]z,
hgtf / cy{tGqnfO{ cf]‰]ndf kfg]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F .
cfZro{sf] s'/f xf], ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw s:tf] x'g'k5{
eGg] ljifodf @)^! ;fndf cfP/ klg ax; / ljjfb ;lsPsf] 5}g .
jf:tjdf ca g]kfn / ef/t;DaGwL ljifox¿df g]kfnL gLltlgdf{tf,
ljåt ju{n] cfˆgf] ljrf/ k|:6 kfg}{ k5{ . To;kl5
nf]stflGqs k4ltaf6 ag]sf] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt
u/fpFb} k|:6 / kf/bzL{ lx;fan] ef/t;Fu s'/f cufl8 a9fpg'k5{Ù
kfgL, pRr afFw, v'nf l;dfgf, ;'/Iff, pBf]u, afl0fHob]lv b'O{ b]zaLr
ljBdfg cg]sf}F d'2fx¿df . o; qmddf dfcf]jfbLdf …kmf]s;\Ú
x'g'sf] sf/0f / g]kfnL lrGtgzLn ;dfhn] ax; grnfPsf] cj:yfdf klg
g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwdf cfhef]ln p7\g] u/]sf d'2fafx]s cf]‰]ndf
k/]sf s}of}F ljifox¿ lgw{Ss p7fpg] a]nf ePsf] 5 .
c:ki6 d'2fx¿
v'nf l;dfgfM ;g\ !(%) sf] d}qL ;lGwn] v'nf l;dfgf / Ps–csf{sf
gful/snfO{ cfˆg} h:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of]
;lGw c;dfg eof] elgPsf] bzsf}F eof], t/ v'nf l;dfgfnfO{ aGb of lgoGq0f
u/]/ g]kfnL /fli6«otf hf]ufpg jsfnt ug]{x¿n] klg cfjZos
u[xsfo{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . sf7df8f}Fdf lbgfg'lbg l;dfgf lgoGq0f
u/ eg]/ efif0f ug]{, n]v n]Vg] / ukm 5fF6\g]x¿n] t/fO{af;L
tyf kxf8af6 ‰/]/ d'Unfg k:g afWo g]kfnLsf] lxtdfly ljrf/ k'¥ofPsf]
st} b]Vg k9\g kfOFb}g . v'nf ;Ldfn] lbPsf] cj;/ / r'gf}tLnfO{
/fd|/L s]nfpg] ;do klg cfPsf] 5, hals cfh ef/tsf s]xL ljZn]ifs cfkm}F
cfO{P;\cfO{ / dfcf]jfbLsf] s'/f p7fpFb} l;dfgf lgoGq0fsf s'/f ug{
yfn]sf 5g\ . st} g]kfnsf] cy{tGq l5d]sL d'n'sx¿sf] eGbf
g;lk|pGh]n clgolGqt l;dfgf g]kfnLs} kmfObfdf kf] 5 ls <
o;df cWoog h?/L 5 .
g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf] sfg"gL cfwf/ ;g\ !(%)
sf] ;lGwdfly k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ !((^ df ef/tLo k|d cfO{=s]= u'h/fnsf]
;xdltdf Pp6f ;ldlt aGof] / k//fi6« ;lrj :t/df Psfw a}7s klg
a;], t/ /fhgLlts lrGtgsf] cleef/f lnPsfx¿n] of] ;ldltsf]
sfdsf] ljifodf Wofg lbg 5f8]sf 5g\ . g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf]
ljifodf g]kfn uDeL/ gePsf] k|df0f xf], ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGw ;DaGwL
ljjfb . cfhsf] cl:y/ cfGtl/s /fhgLltsf] ;Gbe{df t of] ljifo
obfsbf p7\g] s'/fafx]s k"/} cf]‰]ndf k/]sf] 5 .
kfgLsf] lgof{tM kfgLsf] /fhgLlt, g]kfnL /fhgLltsf]
;jf{lws ljjfbf:kb ljifo xf] . ljutb]lv g} kf/blz{tfsf] sdLn]
ubf{ kfgLnfO{ lnP/ …/fi6«jfbÚ rs{g] u/]sf] 5,
h'g k~rfotk4ltsf] ljz]iftf / /fhgLlts xltof/ g} lyof] . …sf]zLdf
wf]sfÚ eGg] gf/f rf/ bzs;Dd g]kfnL /fi6«jfbsf] d"n
dGq g} aGg k'Uof], hals sf]zL Aof/]hn] laxf/df b'O{ t6aGwaLrsf b'O{
nfveGbf a9L u/LanfO{ d'Vo df/ k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] kl5 dfq
a'´of}F .
ef/tnfO{ ljB't\ lgof{t ug{ eO/x]sf] l9nfOdf cGo s'/fx¿sf
cltl/Qm xfd|f] k/Dk/fut …/fi6«jfbÚ klg sd lhDd]jf/
5}g . /fd|f ljB't\ of]hgfx¿ agfpg ef/tLo of cGt/f{li6«o
sDkgLx¿;Fu ;D‰f}tf u/L cufl8 a9\g] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnn] ljzfn ef/tLo ahf/nfO{ x]/]/ cfˆgf] kfgL / ljB'tLo phf{sf]
/fd|f] efp lng ;Sg'kb{5, h;sf] nflu ;Ifd /fhgLlt1 dfq xf]Og, kf/bzL{
jftfj/0f, cg';Gwfg / :jtGq ljZn]if0fsf] vfFrf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
hn;|f]tsf] kmfObf g]kfnL hgtfn] lng] a]nf cfPsf] 5, h;sf nflu ;';"lrt
g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;dy{gsf cfwf/df cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy 5nkmn / lgSof]{ndf
k'Ug ;Sg'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu cjZo g} klxnf t g]kfndf nf]stGqsf]
hudf cfwfl/t /fhgLlts l:y/tf rflxG5 .
t/ cfh klg kfgLsf] lgof{tsf] s'/f ubf{ g]kfnn] ug]{
…l8:sf];{Ú -5nkmn_ df ljB'tLo zlQmsf] dfq rrf{ x'G5,
hals ef/tsf] nflu plQs} of a9L rf;f]sf] ljifo x'g uPsf] 5 pRr afFw
k5fl8 ;l~rt kfgLsf] dxŒj . eljiosf] g]kfndf To:tf] JolQm
dfq ;kmn /fhgLlt1 sxlng]5, h;n] v'n]ofd ¿kdf d'n's / hgtfsf]
b"/ufdL lxtsf] nflu ef/t;Fu plrt d"Nodf g]kfnsf] hnljB't\
/ kfgLsf] ;D‰f}tf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
d'Unfgsf] s'/f
ef/tsf g]kfnLM ef/tdf b'O{ lsl;dsf …g]kfnLÚ 5g\ / b'j}sf]
kL/dsf{ 7"nf] 5 . Ps t g]kfnL gful/s, hf] Ond / afFRg}sf
lglDt d'Unfg l5/]sf 5g\ . ltgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfnL
;dfh ;r]t / lqmofzLn x'g}k5{ . csf{yl/ ef/tLo g]kfnL, h;sf]
kL/dsf{k|lt klg g]kfn ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 . g]kfnL d"nsf
ef/tLo gful/sx¿nfO{ ;g\ !(%) sf] ;lGwn] /fd|f] ub}{g .
lsgeg] g]kfnL gful/ssf] ef/tdf v'nf cfjthfjtsf] sf/0f c¿
ef/taf;Lsf cfFvfdf pgLx¿sf] ef/tLo gful/stf tyf b]zk|ltsf]
jkmfbf/Ldf k|ZglrXg nufOlbG5 . ef/tLo g]kfnLsf] of] ljz]if
kl/l:ylt / cl:dtf klxn] t g]kfnL ;dfh cfkm"n] a'´g'k5{
/ tTkZrft\ g]kfnL gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/ b'j}n] ef/t kIfnfO{ a'‰fpg
sf]lzz ug'{kb{5 .
 |
hxfF;Dd ef/tdf g]kfnL gful/sx¿sf] s'/f 5, nfvf}F
nfvsf] ;ª\Vofdf ef/tsf] s'gfsfKrfdf /x]sf g]kfnL gful/ssf]
cj:yf / eljioaf/] oxfFsf gLltlgdf{tfx¿n] c¿ ;a} s'/f
la;]{/ eP klg Wofg lbg' h?/L 5, lsgeg] of] kL8fsf] h/f] ulx/f] 5 .
pgLx¿n] ef/tdf cfjthfjt ubf{ 7uL / cGo vfnsf ‰~‰6–‰d]nf
‰]Ng] qmd a9\bf] 5 . k"jf]{Q/ ef/tdf g]kfnLx¿
hfFbf tuf/f gf£g'kg]{ nufotsf ljleGg vfn] l;sfotx¿
5g\ . ut s]xL jif{otf g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] a9L cfk"lt{ / cGo
s]xL sf/0fn] ;d]t ef/tsf zx/ahf/df sdfO Psbd 36]sf] / b'Mv a9]sf]
5 . nfvf}F g]kfnLx¿n] ‰]Ng' k/]sf o:tf ;d:ofx¿
g]kfnL k//fi6« gLltlgdf{tfsf nflu d"n d'2f aGg'kb{5,
hf] clxn] x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} g]kfndf ef/t of ef/tLox¿dfly
s'g} klg clk|o 36gf x'Fbf ef/tdf u'hf/f rnfpg] g]kfnL / ef/tLo g]kfnLsf
af/]df ljrf/ ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . o;cl3sf pbfx/0f xfd|f ;fd' 5g\–
6]lnlehgsf] hdfgfdf k|ltlqmof t'?Gt hlGdG5g\ / gsf/fTds klg x'g
;S5g\ .
;Ldf If]qM l;dfgf ;DaGwL d'2fx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts
cfqmf]zsf] ljifo gagfOsg ;'N‰fpg] r]i6f x'g'kb{5 . sd;n
of unt ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df tLnnfO{ kxf8 agfpFbf cflv/df b]zs}
ljZj;gLotfdf wSsf k'Ug hfG5 . km]l/ ef/tsf] ;+3Lo Joj:yf /
To;sf] /fhgLltnfO{ klg a'´g' cfjZos x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf]
nflu, g]kfn–ef/t l;dfgfdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf …ljjfbf:kbÚ
t6aGwx¿nfO{ x]/f}F . ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg cGtu{t l;+rfO{
/fHo ;/sf/x¿sf] bfloTj -:6]6\ lni6_ cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] :yfgLo
lgsfo jf /fHoaf6 g} lgdf{0f ul/Psf klg x'G5g\ . To:tf ;+/rgfaf6
cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] c;/sf af/]df g]kfnn] clgjfo{tM
s'/f p7fpg'k5{, t/ sxfF / s;/L p7fpg] eGg]af/] klxnf pko'Qm lgSof]{ndf
k'Ug'k5{ .
l;dfgfsf] s'/f ubf{ sfnfkfgLsf] d'2fnfO{ lgofNg h?/L
5 . ;g\ !(^@ df ef/t–rLg o'4kZrft\ /fhf dx]Gb|n] pk/f]Qm
g]kfnL e"efudf ef/tLo kf]i6 v8f ug{ lbPsf x'g\ eGg] Psy/L hflgkmsf/x¿sf]
syg 5 . k~rfotsfnel/ of] s'/f n's]/} a:of] / ef/tn] …vfO{kfO{Ú
cfPsf] 7fGg yflnof], zfob . cfh olb ef/tn] of] cfˆg} xf]
eGg] bfaL u/]sf] 5 eg] of] g]kfn–ef/t ;/sf/ aLrsf] ;f‰f
ax;sf] ljifo aGg'kb{5 / ;fy;fy} b'j} b]zsf hgtfnfO{ o;af/] /fd|/L
;';"lrt ul/g'kb{5 . lnlDkofw'/f xf] of lnk'n]s, l;dfgf
k|:6 kfg]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfk|fKt tf}/tl/sfsf] vfFrf] 5}g .
vfFrf] 5 t b'j} b]zdf k|:6 ;"rgf k|jfx tyf :j:y ax;sf] >[ª\vnfnfO{
cufl8 a9fO{ ;d:ofsf] xn vf]Hg] tTk/tfsf] .
nvgpm / k6gfM t'ngfTds ¿kn] ;fgf] b]z ePsf]
x'gfn] x/lx;fan] 7"nf] /fHo ef/t;Fu ;dsIfdf /x]/ s'/f ug{ kfpFbf
g]kfnLsf] 5ftLdf xfdL …;fgf]Ú eOsg klg /fi6«
-g]zg_ sf] lx;fan] ef/tsf ;dsIfLo 5f}F eGg] /fli6«o uf}/jsf]
efjgf hfUb5 . of] ;To xf], t/ sf7df8f}Fsf gLltlgdf{tf tyf pRr
-Pln6_ ju{n] gofFlbNnL;Fu dfq ;Dks{ a9fpFbf Ps t of] alnof] / lga{naLrsf]
;DaGw x'g uPsf] 5, / csf]{tkm{, g]kfnsf] e"efu / o;df a:g]
g]kfnL hgtfsf] :yfgLo :t/df ef/t;Fusf] ;Dks{sf] pk]Iff ePsf] 5 .
l;dfgf hf]l8g] l;lSsd, bfhL{lnª, pQ/f~rn / ljz]ifu/L g]kfnLx¿sf]
a[xt\ cfly{s Pj+ ;fd'bflos ;Dks{ /x]sf] laxf/ / pQ/k|b]z;Fu g]kfnn]
x/]s If]qdf ;Dks{ a9fpg' h?/L b]lvG5 . otf cfP/ nvgpm / k6gf
g]kfnL dl:tisdf ckx]lnt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ / oL /fHo s]Gb|x¿nfO{
sf7df8f}Fn] t lrg]sf] glrGo} ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] k|j[lQn]
xfdLnfO{ eljiodf x'g;Sg] cg]s lsl;dsf] ahf/ lj:tf/ / cfly{s nfeaf6
jl~rt ug{ / w]/} cf}krfl/s–cgf}krfl/s lsl;dsf ljsf;af6 k/}
/fVg ;S5 . laxf/ tyf pQ/ k|b]znfO{ g]kfnL dfg;k6ndf cu'jf :yfg
lbFbf g]kfnL dw]zL ;d'bfo / t/fO{sf] cy{tGqnfO{ klg 6]jf k'Ub5 .
;}lgs etL{M clt/fi6«jfbdf kf}l8g /dfpg] g]kfnL
g]t[Tj / ljåt\ ju{ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cl:dtfnfO{ ;Lw}
vnn k'¥ofpg] Pp6f ljifodf eg] k|j]z g} gu/L a:g ?rfpF5 .
Tof] xf], ef/tLo ;]gfdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;xdlt;lxt g]kfnL gful/snfO{
etL{ ug]{ k|fjwfg . To;} klg Ps ;fj{ef}d;DkGg b]zsf] gful/sn]
csf]{ b]zsf] nflu n8\g] s'/f ldNbf] xf]Og, c‰ ef/tLo ;]gfdf
n8\g' eg]sf] t g]kfnLn] ef/tafx]s blIf0f Pl;of If]q leq}sf] csf]{
ldq b]z;Fu n8\g' xf] / x/]s ef/t–kfls:tfg n8fOFdf o:tf] x'g]
u/]sf] 5 .
cfly{s ljkGgtfsf sf/0f /f0ffsfnb]lv cfhsf] @! cf}F ztfAbL;Dd klg
ef/tLo ;]gfdf etL{ x'g' g]kfnLsf nflu cfsif{s x'guPsf] 5 .
l;4fGttM ef/tLo ;]gfdf etL{ g]kfnL ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ljk/Lt s'/f xf] .
…uf]vf{ etL{s]Gb| aGb u/Ú eGg] gf/fn] w]/} bzs vfP
klg cfh xfdL gx]g]{, gaf]Ng] / g;'Gg] cj:yfdf 5f}F . ljkGg
g]kfnL hgtf / ljz]if u/L kxf8] hghflt hdftsf] cfDbfgLsf] dxŒjk"0f{
;|f]t ePsf] sf/0f o; etL{n] cfhsf] nflu kSs} lg/Gt/tf kfpg'knf{ .
t/ ;}4flGts lx;fan] ef/tLo ;]gf etL{sf] af/] xfdL k|:6 eg] x'g'k5{ .
olQn] klg ljsf; ug{ xfdLnfO{ cln k|]l/t u5{ ls <
if8oGqsf] e'd/LM @)%& ;fnsf] …x[tLs /f]zg
sf08Ú n] k"/} g]kfnnfO{ ef/tLosf] cfFvfdf xf:osf] kfq
agfOlbof], ha alnp8sf Ps snfsf/n] geg]sf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ g]kfnL zx/x¿
TolQs} ;lNsP . sf7df8f}Fsf] af6f]3f6f]df h;/L …ef/tLoÚ
eGb} dflg;x¿ nv]l6P, To:tf] lbg km]l/ kms{g ;Sg] ;Í]t
lgbf]{if d';ndfg ;d'bfolj?4 b'O{ xKtfcl3 ePsf] sf08n] klg k|:6 kf/]sf]
5 . eP gePsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ;8s ;Nsfpg] sfo{n] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf]
5lj wldnf] agfpFb} uPsf] 5 . ljb]zLsf] hLpwg dfly g]kfndf xftkftx'Fbf
ef]ln ef/tnufot ljb]zdf sfd ug]{ s/f]8f}F g]kfnL tyf ef/tLo g]kfnLdfly
sqf] ah|kft cfOknf{, of] oxfFsf] ;fdflhs g]t[Tjn] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{
s'/f xf] .
jf:tjdf ef/tsf] pbLodfg dWodjuL{o tKsfdf g]kfnsf]
5lj lubf]{ 5 / o;n] w]/} s'/fdf c;/ kfb{5 . of] Psbd} lrGtf
ug'{kg]{ ljifo xf] .
cGTodf
g]kfndf ef/tsf] cWoog ug]{ ljz]if1 lj/n} kfOG5g\– 5Fb} 5}gg\
eg] klg x'G5 . ;a}n] cfˆgf] lsl;dn] / cf–cfˆgf]
k"jf{u|x;lxt ef/tsf af/]df l6sfl6Kk0fL ub{5g\ . ef/taf/]
cWoog, cg';Gwfg, cg'ej / ;f]rsf] cefj htftt} v6\lsG5– ljåt\
ju{, ;/sf/L clwsf/L / pBdL–Jofkf/L ;a}df . cfh xfdL ef/tLo
/fhgLlt, ;dfh / cfly{s If]qdf ljut Ps bzsdf ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ a:t'ut
9Ëaf6 cfsng ug{;Sg] l:yltdf 5}gf}F . ef/tsf] ;jfndf bf]xf]/f]
rl/qaf6 u|l;t 5f}F xfdLx¿ . Psftkm{ ef/t;DaGwL lg/y{s
s'/fdf l;+x ‰}F uh{G5f}F eg] 5f]/f–5f]/LnfO{ 5fqj[lQ
ldnfpg n}grf}/l:yt ef/tLo b"tfjf;df n';'Ss k:g klg ws dfGb}gf}F .
ef/tLo s"6gLlt1 jf ;/sf/L kbflwsf/Ln] ef/tsf] nflu sfd u5{g\,
pgLx¿sf] wd{ g} ToxL xf] eGg] xfdL ;f]Rb}gf}F / x/]s ;jfndf
gofFlbNnLsf] bofdfofsf] cfz u/]/ a:5f}F . t/ ca o:tf] bofdfofsf]
cfz Toflug'k5{ . Jofj;flos / ts{df cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ g]kfnsf]
ef/t;Fusf] cGt/lqmof . sf7df8f}F lrGtg, :jtGq ljrf/ tyf ;Ifd
s"6gLltdfkm{t\ ef/t;dIf g]kfnsf c8fg / dfux¿ /fVg ;Ifd
aGg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . ef/t;Fu g]kfnsf w]/} ;d:of xf]nfg\, t/
7"nf] b]zsf ;fd' ;fgf] b]zsf] afWotf g} xf] a9L rgfvf] x'g' .
cfhsf] cj:yfdf ef/tLo kIfn] g]kfn / g]kfnLnfO{ ;/n
zAbdf eGbf …x]Kg]Ú u/]sf 5g\ . ef/taf/]sf] ;f]rdf
g]kfnL ljZn]ifsx¿df l:y/tf 5}g . ptf gofFlbNnLn] g]kfnL
lqmofsnfkdf x:tIf]k gu/f];\ eGg] rfxgf /fVbf klg /fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf]
lbNnL bf}8nfO{ xfdL ;xh ¿kdf lnG5f}F . ef/tn] ;fj{ef}d
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ug{ ;Sg] s'/f ;Lldt 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6} 5, tfklg
ef/tLo zlQmsf] clt/~hgf ug{ xfdL cfkm}F /dfpF5f}F / o;f] ubf{ gePsf]
ef/tLo k|efj / rf;f]nfO{ klg xfdL Ps vfnsf] jf:tljstfdf kl/0ft u/fOlbG5f}F .
cfh cfP/ b]z leqleq} /fhf, /fhgLlts kf6L{, ;'/Iff an / c¿
;a} k|efjzfnL v]dfsf] sf/0fn] w/f;foL x'Fbf / dfcf]jfbLsf] x's'ddf
b]zel/ u|fdL0f hgtf ql;t eO{ lhpg'kbf{Ù hlQs} /fi6«jfbL
s'/f u/] klg leqL dgdf …ef/tn] cflv/ xfdLnfO{ arfOxfN5Ú
eGg] ;f]r kfOG5 sltsf] dgdf . t/ o;f] x'Fbf g]kfnL ;fj{ef}d;DkGgtf
tyf cl:dtf stf k'Unf / ef/tn] ;dfOlbPsf] 5ftfsf] 5xf/L vf]Hg' slt
plrt xf]nf < cflv/ cfˆg} csd{0otfn] g]kfnL dfdnfdf
ef/tnfO{ slt k|efjzfnL x'g lbg] <
w]/} s'/fdf g]kfnLx¿n] b]v]sf] gsf/fTds ef/tLo
of]hgf clt/l~ht dl:tissf] pkh xf] . t/ ef/tn] cg]sg\ ljifodf
gfhfoh kmfObf lng vf]h]sf] s'/f klg la;{g'x'Fb}g . pbfx/0fsf]
¿kdf sGsfO{b]lv l;S6f -/fKtL_, aaO{, e]/L 8fOe;{g h:tf t/fO{sf
nfvf}F g]kfnLsf] hLljsfsf lglDt clgjfo{ eO;s]sf gbL–l;+rfO{
cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]usf] ;§f efF‰f] t]:of{pg]b]lv
;fdfGo ls;fgn] k/Dk/fb]lv a]Rb} cfPsf tfhf t/sf/L, d;nf, b"w
h:tf ;fgf] kl/df0fsf a:t'x¿sf] lgof{tnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ Sjf/]G6fOg,
cltl/Qm s/ h:tf Jojwfgx¿nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . ef/ts} ax'/fli6«o
sDkgLn] klg ;g\ !((^ sf] ;lGw cg';f/ t/fO{df sf/vfgf vf]n]/ lgof{t
pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ r]i6f ubf{ ef/tn] /f]s nufPsf] s'/f n's]sf] 5}g .
To:t} ef/tLo ljdfg ckx/0fkZrft\ g]kfnL cy{tGqnfO{ wSsf k'Ug]u/L
gofFlbNnLn] rfn]sf cgfjZos sbdx¿sf] c;/ cfh;Dd kl//x]sf]
5 . a]nfavt g]kfndf kfls:tfgL u'Ktr/ ;+:yf cfO{P;cfO{sf] rnv]n
5 eGg] xf}jf a9fP/ ef/tsf u'Ktr/ ;+:yfx¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ;w}F
bafadf /fVg vf]h]sf] b]lvG5
l5d]sL ef/tsf o; lsl;dsf lqmofsnfkx¿ hlQs}
clk|o eP klg b'O{ l5d]sL d'n'ssf] cfFvfaf6 x]bf{ Psbd} c;fdfGo klg
xf]Ogg\ h;sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hb} cl3 a9\g g;lsof];\ . t/ g]kfnn]
/fhgLlts cGof]n / d"n kfqx¿sf] sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ cufl8sf]
af6f] l5rf]Ng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ef/t;dIf g]kfn cfh hltsf] lga{n
cfw'lgs o'udf slxNo} lyPg . o;sf] bf]if ;a}lt/ afF8\g ;lsg]
eP klg d"n sf/s eg] cfkm"nfO{ clt /fi6«jfbL / ef/tlj/f]wL
b]vfpg rfxg] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xL x'g\, h;n] gofF rNanfpFbf] nf]stflGqs
cEof;sf] lvnfkm aGb's p7fP/ k"/} ;dfh, cy{tGq / /fHonfO{ cl:y/
kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . cflv/ …ef/t bflxg]Ú t dfcf]jfbLnfO{
klg rflxg] /x]5 Û gqeP lsg tLg–tLg jif{ g]kfnL dfdnfdf
ef/tsf] k|efj a9\bf / cfˆg} g]t[Tj ef/tdf ;dfOFbf klg dfcf]jfbL
r'k a;] < -of] df}gtfnfO{ xfn}sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf]
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sn] s'g} sf/0fjz, / zfob /0fgLlts rfnsf cfwf/df
tf]8]sf] 5 ._
cfh, dfcf]jfbLsf] ;fdgf ug'{nfO{ g]kfn;Fusf] cfˆgf]
;f‰f sfo{qmd eGb} ef/tn] nf]stGq tyf ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf] kIfdf
af]n] klg g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] cGof]nsf] cj:yfdf p;n] ;fdl/s ;xfotfd}
cfkm"nfO{ s]lGb|t u/]sf] 5 . t/ c¿ kIfdf h:t} oxfF
klg b]z ;kfg]{ of laufg]{ cj;/ g]kfnLs} xftdf 5, / ef/tnfO{ dfq
g]kfndf ;}lgsLs/0f ug{ d2t u¥of] eGb}df w/ kfOg] cj:yf 5}g .
b]zleq /fhgLlts kIfx¿aLr ;Í6sf] 38Ldf u7aGwg ePg eg]
ef/tn] cu'jf e"ldsf v]N5 g} . o;f] x'g lbgdf b/af/ / kf6L{–kf6L{sf
g]tfx¿sf] cNkufdL ;f]r g} bf]ifL 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] 8/n]
u7aGwgdf cfpg g;Sg] oL zlQmx¿ /fli6«o dfdnfdf ef/tsf]
k|efj a9\of] eg]/ cfpnfg\ eGg] cfz ug{ ;lsG5 ls <
ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{ alnof] / ts{k"0f{ w/ftndf
/fVg] a]nf ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cfˆgf] /fli6«o klxrfg
;+;f/;fd' k|:6 eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df k~rfotsfndf h:tf] ef/tsf] lvnfkmdf
g]kfnL /fli6«otf kl/eflift ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . t;y{,
cfpg] lbgx¿df ef/t;Fu ;dsIfLsf] Jojxf/ ug{' plrt x'G5, g
ls Ps lga{n / c;Ifd l5d]ssf], h;n] clwsf/ xf]Og bfgsf] ck]Iff ub{5 .
o:tf] ;f]rfO /fv]/ ;+j]bgzLntf / :jfledfgdf cfwfl/t ef/t;DaGwL gLlt
tyf ;DaGw v8f ug{ sf]lzz u/]– lgM;Gb]x eGg ;lsG5– ef/t
klg g]kfn;Fu ;dsIfLs} Jojxf/ ug{ afWo x'g]5Ù bfgkfqsf] xf]Og .
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