s[lif
;dLIff
…p:tfbÚ
x¿ b]vfpF5g\ pknlAw
;dLIffsf nflu kmf/d ldnfP/ eg{ hfg]g eg] sfof{nosf]
k|ult / xflsd–sd{rf/Lsf] hflu/ hf]lvddf kg{;Sg] x'gfn] x/]s
sfof{nodf To;df kf]Vt …p:tfbÚ x¿ x'G5g\ .
dLg ah|frfo{ |
ev{/} s[lif
tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf ljefu / sfof{nox¿sf] If]qLo Pj+ ljefuLo
txdf t];|f] rf}dfl;s Pj+ jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lx¿ eP .
!) jif{b]lv x'gyfn]sf o:tf ;dLIff uf]i7L jif{df tLg k6s b'O{–b'O{
lbg nufP/ ul/G5 . k';–df3df x'g] klxnf] rf}dfl;s ;dLIff
uf]i7Ldf ;f] cjlwsf] ;dLIffsf ;fy} cfufdL jif{sf] of]hgf agfpg],
r}t–j}zfvdf x'g] bf];|f] rf}dfl;s ;dLIffdf pQm cjlwleq eP
u/]sf sfd / pknlAwsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ tyf ;fpg–ebf}df x'g]
t];|f] rf}dfl;s Pj+ jflif{s ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf k"/} jif{sf] k|ult
d"NofÍg ug]{ sfd x'G5 .
/fli6«o cfodf ‰08} $) k|ltzt / s'n lgof{tdf
&) k|ltzt of]ubfg ePsf] s[lif If]qn] hg;ª\Vofsf] ^% k|ltzt
cyf{t\ ! s/f]8 ^@ nfv hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] 5 . t/ o;sf]
ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L ah]6 tLg k|ltzteGbf klg sd x'g] ub{5 .
o;dWo] klg k|ToIf ls;fgnfO{ k'Ug] ;xof]u slt x'G5, ls;fgx¿nfO{
g} yfxf xf]nf . a? pgLx¿sf] s8f kl/>daf6 x'g] pTkfbg
/ cfDbfgLnfO{ cfˆgf] cg's"ntf x]/L tYofÍdf ;hfpg
;/sf/L–u}/;/sf/L ;+3– ;+:yfx¿ tF5f8d5f8 u5{g\ .
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno cGtu{t rf/ j6f ljefu 5g\–
kz';]jf, vfBk|ljlw, ;xsf/L / s[lif . oLdWo] hgzlQm, sfo{qmd
/ ah]6sf] b[li6n] ;aeGbf 7"nf] s[lif ljefu, s[lifsf] Jofj;flos
ljsf; u/L vfB ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug]{ / u/LaL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
p2]Zon] @))* ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . vfBfGg, gub]afnL / jfujfgL
ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] o; ljefu cGtu{t !@ j6f sfo{qmd lgb]{zgfno,
#^ kmfd{, #) If]qLo sfof{no, &% lhNnf sfof{no tyf #! j6f ljleGg
sfo{qmd, k|of]uzfnf, of]hgf, zfvf, r]skf]i6 u/L !*$ lgsfo tyf kfFr
xhf/ k|fljlws sd{rf/L sfo{/t 5g\ . oL lgsfo / sd{rf/Ln] ug]{
sfd g} s[lif If]qsf] ;du| …k|ultÚ xf], h'g k|foM ()
k|ltzteGbf a9L b]vfpg] k/Dk/f 5 . o;sf] nflu k|To]s sfof{non]
ljefusf pkdxflgb]{zs k|d'v /xg] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvfåf/f
ljtl/t kmf/fd e/]/ dfl;s, å}dfl;s, rf}dfl;s / jflif{s ljj/0f
k7fpF5g\ . o:tf] ljj/0f eg{ ljz]if snf rflxg] cGoyf sfof{nosf]
k|ult / xflsd–sd{rf/Lx¿sf] hflu/ hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg]
x'gfn] x/]s sfof{nodf kmf/d eg{ kf]Vt …p:tfbÚ x¿
x'G5g\ .
o;/L lhNnf–lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fnfO{ s]Gb|Lo
of If]qLo sfof{nox¿df ljefuLo lgb]{zg cg'?k Pp6} 9fFrfdf
tof/ kfl/G5 / ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf k|:t't ul/G5 . k|foM k/Dk/fut
z}nLsf], nfdf], ?vf] / ‰sf]{ Pj+ pb]snfUbf] of] k|:t'ltdf
cf}krfl/stf lgjf{x ug]{ afx]s s'g} uDeL/tf b]lvFb}g . c‰
dGqLsf] pkl:yltdf of] ;a eO/x]sf] 5 eg] t …Jo:ttfÚ
sf] sf/0f dGqL aLr}df p7]/ lxF8]kl5 dGqfno, ljefusf xflsdx¿
kl5kl5 nfUg] x'gfn] xndf ;'Gg'kg]{x¿ x'Fb}gg\ / ;'gfpg]x¿
6L7nfUbf] cg'xf/ kf/]/ a;]sf b]lvG5g\ .
 |
k|ult ljj/0f cfof]hgf cg';f/ k]z x'G5g\ . lhNnfx¿df
;3g afnL ljsf; tyf pTkfbg j[l4, vfBfGg tyf gub]jfnL ljsf;, s[lif
;]jf k|ljlw k|;f/, ;fgf l;+rfO{ ljsf; h:tf y'k|} cfof]hgf ;~rfng
ul/Psf 5g\, h;nfO{ k"/f ug{ ;d"x u7g÷;'b[9Ls/0f,
k|bz{g, s[lif ;fdu|L / k|ljlwsf ldlgsL6, dnaLp, cf}hf/ cflb ljt/0f,
9'jfgL, tflnd, e|d0f / cWoog–cg';Gwfgh:tf sfo{qmdx¿
/flvPsf x'G5g\ . cGttM sfo{qmdsf] lglZrt pknlAw / ah]6af6 ePsf]
vr{sf] cfwf/df k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf x'G5 . s[lif ljefun] ut jif{
‰08} ?=! ca{ @@ s/f]8 vr{ u/]/ oL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng
u/]sf] lyof], h;dWo] &% lhNnfdf ljsf; vr{sf] ¿kdf s/La
?=^$ s/f]8 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] pknlAw / vr{ () k|ltzteGbf a9L b]vfOFbf
…;kmnÚ dfGg t ;lsPnf, t/ Jojxf/df sfo{qmd k"/}
jf clwsf+z xb;Dd sfof{Gjog geP klg sfuhdf ;a} b'?:t kfl/Psf] x'G5 .
gfd atfpg grfxg] pkTosfsf Ps sfof{no k|d'v ljiffbL lsg]/ s[ifsnfO{
ljt/0f gul/P klg To;f] ul/Psf] sfuh tof/ kfg'{ k/]sf] ljjztf bzf{pF5g\ .
o:tf] s'/fdf c;xof]u ug]{ k|d'v ;a}sf] 3fF8f] aGg ;Sb5 . o:tf]
cj:yf ‰fkfb]lv dx]Gb|gu/ / bfr'{nfb]lv tfKn]h'Ë;Dd htftt}
5 . b}n]v, j/xfsf k|]d rd{sf/, uf]ug–kfgLsf z]/axfb'/
rGb / ;'v]{t, nf6Lsf]OnLsf gfd atfpg grfxg] Ps s[ifsn] …h]6LPn]
lrg]sfnfO{ dfq ;]jf / 6]jf lbG5g\Ú egL nufPsf cf/f]kn] k|:6
u5{ s[lif k|;f/ sfo{qmdsf] l:ylt .
;dLIff uf]i7Lx¿df k|ultsf ;fy} ;d:of / sl7gfO{sf]
nfdf] ;"rL klg k|:t't ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . o;f] ubf{ dflysf
sltko xflsd–sd{rf/L () k|ltzt k|ult clg c;xh kl/l:ylt klg
b]vfpg] eg]/ 6f]S5g\ . lxhf]cfh clwsf+z lhNnfaf6 ljleGg If]qdf
sfo{qmd n}hfg ufx|f] ePsf], s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|df a:g g;lsg] / a;]df
afFlrg]–dg]{ bf];fFwdf hLjg latfpg'kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf] s'/f
cfPsf] x'G5 . cfufdL jif{sf] of]hgf÷sfo{qmd agfpg] a]nfdf
s]Gb| / lhlj;n] tF5f8d5f8sf] z}nLdf lbg] lgb]{zg tyf :yfgLo cfjZostfaLr
tfnd]n ldnfP/ of]hgf agfpg lhNnfsf s[lif clws[tx¿nfO{ EofO{gEofO{
x'G5 . xtktsf] sfd ntkt eGg] t pvfg} 5 .
k|ult ;dLIff ubf{ vfB;'/Iff / Jofj;flostfsf] b[li6n]
nIf ls6fg u/L tbg'?k sfo{of]hgf to u/]/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t},
oyfy{ cj:yfsf] ;e]{If0f u/L s[lifnfO{ slt Jofj;foLs/0f ug{ ;lsof],
cfo / /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt sxfF k'Uof] eGg] h:tf j:t'ut ;"rsfÍx¿sf
cfwf/df of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fNg' klg cfjZos
eO;s]sf] 5 .
• t'n;L
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