dfcf]jfbL
/ ef/t
jftf{sf]
;Defjgf / dfcf]jfbLsf vt/f
cfkm"lj?4 ef/t s8f ¿kdf k|:t't
x'g yfn]kl5 dfcf]jfbLx¿ b]zleq} ;'/lIft cf>o:ynsf] vf]hL
dfq ub}{ 5}gg\, pm lj?4 lj:tf/jfbL cf/f]k nufpg ;d]t sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf
5g\ .
blIf0f Pl;ofnL ;f]leot
km]8/]zg -;L= sDkf];f_ u7g x'Fbf;Dd dfcf]jfbL k|lt ef/tsf] Tolt
w]/} Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] lyPg . t/ ut jif{ cfGw|k|b]zsf tTsfnLg
d'VodGqL rGb|afa' gfo8"dfly lkk'N; jf/ u|'kåf/f ul/Psf]
cfqmd0f tyf ;Qfwf/L bnsf s]xL g]tfåf/f ;~rflnt pBf]udfly cfqmd0f
s]lGb|t ePkl5 p;sf] Wofg lvlrof] . To;cl3 g} cfGw|k|b]zb]lv
g]kfn;Dd Ps af6f] -sl/8f]/_ v8f ePsf] ef/tLo s]Gb|Lo v'lkmof ljefusf
y'k|} ;"rgf cvaf/x¿df cfPsf lyP .
!@ /fHosf !@% lhNnfdf gS;nfO6sf lx+;fTds ultljlw eO/x]sf]
/ yk @$ lhNnfdf klg k|efj km}lnPsf] s'/f ( /fHosf d'VodGqLx¿sf]
e]nfdf atfOPsf] ;dfrf/ @$ ;]K6]Da/ @))$ sf] b lxGb" klqsfdf
5flkPsf] lyof] . b'j}lt/sf dfcf]jfbLx¿ cfGw|k|b]zb]lv
g]kfn;Dd …sDKofS6 /]e'No";g/L sDKofS6 hf]gÚ agfpg
pBt /x]sf s'/fx¿ rrf{df cfPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnsf] t/fO{df dfcf]jfbL hgo'4sf] k|efj km}nFb}
hfg', hftLo / If]qLo cfwf/df :jfoQ k|b]zx¿sf] dfu a9\g' /
Pd;L;LÙ kL8An"hLÙ s]PnPdÙ o'PnPkmP h:tf
;Ë7gx¿;Fu g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;DaGw dfq xf]Og, tflnd
tyf xltof/ cfbfgk|bfg;Ddsf] ;DaGw /xg' ef/tsf nflu vt/fsf ;"rs
x'g\ . oL cfwf/x¿ g} ef/tsf] nflu kof{Kt lyP .
ptf cfˆgf g]tfx¿ ef/tLo e"lddf kqmfp
k/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] To;sf] abnfdf s]xL ef/tLo uf8Lx¿ hnfpg],
pgLx¿sf] :jfldTj ePsf :s"ndfly cfqmd0f ug]{ / nufgLdf
/x]sf pBf]ux¿dfly cfqmd0f ug{ yfn]kl5 ef/tn] oxfFsf] ;+:yfkg
kIfnfO{ cfly{snufot ;}lgs tflnd / nlhli6s ;xof]u lbg tof/ ePsf]
xf] . cTofw'lgs xftxltof/;lxt g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfdf ef/tn]
cw{;}lgs an t}gfy ub}{ nu]sf] 5 . ;Ldf lgoGq0f lglDt p;n] klxn]sf]
kfFr lsld 36fP/ b'O{ lslddf ‰f/]sf] 5 . tyflk, p;sf]
egfO 5, ;}Go kl/rfng ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og jftf{nfO{ k|>o lbg'
h?/L 5 . dfcf]jfbL eg] ef/tsf] clxn]sf] ultljlwlj?4 tLj| /f]if
k|s6 ub}{5 .
 s]xL
;docl3;Dd g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLn] ef/tdf cf>o lnPsf 5g\ eGg]
g]kfnLx¿sf] sygsf] ef/tLo clwsf/Lx¿n] tTsfn s8f
k|ltjfb ub{y] . t/, otfcfP/ ef/tsf] u'Ktr/ Ph]G;Ln] g}
eGg yfn]sf] 5, g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL ‰f/v08 / laxf/df k|lzIf0f
lzlj/x¿ rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . % c;f]h, @)^! sf] b 6fOD;\
ckm Ol08ofsf] ;dfrf/n] oxL ljj/0f lbPsf] 5 . |
;xof]uL sf] x'g;S5 <
hgo'4sf] k|efj lj:tf/ ePkl5, ju{o'4sf gfddf xhf/f}F o'jfx¿
b]z aflx/ To;df klg ef/t} knfog ePsf] cj:yf clxn] 5 . ;]gf
/ dfcf]jfbL 5fkfdf/ b'j}tkm{ c;+nUg o'jf–o'jltx¿sf]
knfog zx/tkm{ pGd'v 5 . xhf/f}F kl/jf/sf nfvf}F dflg; lj:yflkt
ePsf 5g\ . dWod:t/Lo -s]Gb| / tn cfwf/df lnÍ ck ug]{_
sfo{stf{x¿sf] g]6js{sf] cefjdf s]Gb| / tn sfof{Gjog If]qdf
;dGjo / egfO Pj+ u/fOdf 7"nf] vf8n b]vfk/]sf] 5 . /, slxn]sfxLF
s] efg klg x'G5 eg], s]Gb|n] eg]sf] tn c6]/ ul/G5 . o;n] ubf{
dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf o'4 ;/bf/x¿sf] hGd eO/x]sf] 5 . dxfg\
elgPsf] hgo'4sf] kIfdf xf]Og, l/;OaL ;fFWg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 dfcf]jfbLsf
tNnf txsf sfo{stf{x¿af6 . dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 clxn] 7x/fj
ljGb'df cfOk'u]sf] 5 . juL{o sf/0fn] ljutdf p;n] ;f]r]‰}F
b'O{ w|'jdf w|jLs[t ePg ;dfh . sf/0f, bnx¿df‰
ljZjf; cfh{g ug{ g;Sg' / p;n] cfFvf lrDn]/ rnfPsf] tnsf] tyfslyt
…ju{ ;ª\3if{Ú g} xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]zL
tyf ljb]zL ;]gf;Fu le8\g dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ slt ;lhnf] xf]nf <
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ldqzlQm dfg]/ ;+;bLo /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] g]skf -Pstf
s]Gb|_ tyf To;sf] v'nf ;Ë7g ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ -;+hdf]_ sf sfo{stf{sf]
ckx/0f tyf ltgsf ;efx¿df ‰8k tyf xTof ul/g'n] ‰g\
w]/} cljZjf; k}bf ePsf] 5 . ;Qfwf/L Pdfn] PstkmL{ eP klg jftf{
/ o'4lj/fdsf] kIfdf 5 . To;nfO{ klg dfcf]jfbLn] el/ofsf] ;+1f
lbPsf] 5, p;sf sfo{stf{sf] xTof, ckx/0f hf/L 5 . el/of;Fu jftf{
gug]{ /fhf;Fu dfq jftf{ ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] egfOn] ;Qfwf/L bnx¿
dfq xf]Og, ;8s ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf bnx¿nfO{ ;d]t ‰:sfPsf]
5 .
;+hdf]nufot sfª\u|];sf] k|d'v 36s k|ltudg lj?4sf]
;8s ;ª\3if{df 5g\ . pgLx¿ ;+;b k'g:yf{kgfsf] dfu
/ To;dfkm{t\ ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd hfg ;lsg] atfO/x]sf 5g\ . oltv]/sf]
cGt/åGå b/af/, b/af/ cfl>t ;/sf/, ;8sdf /x]sf /fhgLlts
bn / dfcf]jfbLx¿ cf–cfˆg} 9Ën] zlQm ;+of]hgdf
nfu]sf 5g\ . /, Psn] csf]{nfO{ ljZjf; ug]{ cj:yfdf 5}gg\ .
/fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ kfvf nufP/ Psnf}6L zf;g rnfO/x]sf,
lg/ª\s'ztftkm{ pGd'v /fhf;Fu jftf{ u/L /fHo;Qf jf ;+/rgf km]/abn
x'G5 eGg] dfcf]jfbLsf] xfnsf] a'‰fOn] pm s'g Wo]osf nflu ;ª\3if{/t\
5 eGg sl7g ePsf] 5 . lsgls, p;sf dfu / /fh;+:yfaLr s]xL tfbDotf
ldNb}g . h:tf] ls, u0ftGqfTds /fHoJoj:yf, zt{/lxt ;+ljwfg;ef,
/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf cflb d'2fx¿ jt{dfg /fhtGq;Fu sxfFg]/ d]n
vfG5g\ <
cu|udgsf nflu p;n] ;8ssf] ;ª\3if{;Fu sxLF g
sxLF cfˆgf] hgo'4nfO{ hf]8\g h?/L lyof] . o; ;DaGwdf uPsf]
sflQsdf lj:tfl/t kf]ln6Ao"/f] a}7saf6 p;n] kfl/t klg u/]sf]
lyof] t/ Tof] sfof{Gjog x'g;s]g . clxn] klg ;8sdf ;ª\3if{/t\
bn tyf ;Qfwf/L bnx¿nfO{ kG5fP/ /fhf;Fu dfq jftf{ ug]{ s'/fn]
p;nfO{ sxLF st} ;sf/fTds k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g ;Qm}g . g t p;n]
e/kbf]{ ;xof]uL zlQm g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
jftf{ / jf:tljstf
ljifd aGb} uPsf] e"–/fhgLlts kl/l:ylt, /fHoleq} klg y'k|}
juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ax'njfbL bnx¿, afXozlQmx¿sf]
cfly{s, tflndLo, xltof/sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ;'/Iffkmf}h ;dIf n8\g'kg]{
afWotf, ;'Sb} uPsf] cfly{s cfwf/ -s]Gb|Ls[t aGb} uPsf a}7sx¿
/ cfly{s ¿kdf 6f6 kN6Fb} uPsf hgtf_ aLr ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5
dfcf]jfbLsf] cj:yf . ;Ldf If]qdf a9\bf] s8fO / ef/tLo ldq zlQmx¿;Fusf]
kftnf] ;Dks{sf sf/0f ;fdl/s tyf cfly{s If]qdf sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePs}
x'g'k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLn] tTsfnsf nflu lgsf; vf]Hg'
h?/L ePsf]n] jftfj/0f agfP jftf{ u5f}{F eGg' :jfefljs} xf] .
xf8{nfOg/x¿ o;nfO{ sdhf]/L 7flg/x]sf 5g\ eg] /fhgLlts ko{j]Ifsx¿
…dfcf]jfbL t'?kÚ dfG5g\ .
clxn] g t ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLsf ^ k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm
lbg ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5, g t jftf{sf] ;Defjgf . p;n] PSn} lg/Gt/
n8\g klg ;Dej 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf p;n] ;8sdf pk]lIft ¿kdf
k|ltudg lj?4 nl8/x]sf] k|hftflGqs zlQmk|lt Psgh/ x]g{ / pm;Fu ljZjfl;nf]
;DaGw ufF:g h?/L 5 . ;8sn] lgxTyf ¿kdf p7fO/x]sf] cfjfhsf]
k|efj / cfGbf]ngsf] j}wtfnfO{ 5fDg h?/L 5 .
p;n] eg]‰}F uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng, cGtl/d ;/sf/ tyf
;+ljwfg;ef s;n] lbg] < jf s;/L lng] < jf sf];Fu
lng] < s'g k|lqmof jf ljlwåf/f lng] o; ljifodf p;n]
yk :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 . To;}u/L b'O{ kIfsf] ;kmntf jf ljkmntf
kl5 x'g] t];|f]sf] pbonfO{ klg a'´g h?/L 5 . d"ntM
/fhgLlts ;d:of /fhgLltaf6 xn x'g'k5{ eGg] ;f]rfO dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf]
xf] eg] ltgn] /]8sg{/ gf]l6;, cftÍsf/Lsf] ljNnf x6fpg] dfudf
;Lldt x'g'x'Gg . To;sf] ;§f cfk;L ljZjf;sf] …6\ofuÚ
6fF:g h?/L 5 .
lsg la´g yfn] ef/tsf cfFvfdf dfcf]jfbL <
g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xk|lt ef/tsf] k'/fgf] x]/fO
ab\lnPsf] cg'dfg ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . o;sf] cfwf/rflxF kfFr jif{cl3sf]
Pp6f cd]l/sL ;"rgf–ljZn]if0f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]
ljZn]if0fdf elgPsf] 5, …g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLx¿ a9\b} hfFbf
o;sf] k|efj ef/tsf bz j6f k|fGt;Dd k5{ . lsgls ToxfF lkkN;
jf/ u|'k -kL8An"hL_ / dfcf]O:6 sDo'lgi6 ;]G6/ -Pd;L;L_ n] bzsf}Fb]lv
;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . cfpFbf] Ps÷8]9 bzsdf
oL k|fGtx¿nufot ef/tsf] ;Dk"0f{ e"efunfO{ sDo'lgi6
;ª\3if{n] k|efj kfg]{5 . cGttM ef/t sDo'lgi6 d'n's aGg]5 .Ú
ljZn]if0fn] yk :ki6 kf/]sf] 5, …;+ejtM c9fO
bzsdf rLgn] cfkm"nfO{ dxfzlQmzfnL d'n'ssf ¿kdf pEofO;Sg]5 .
o:tf] nIo lnP/ cl3 a9\b} u/]sf] rLg sDo'lgi6 d'n's xf] / g]kfndf
dfcf]jfbL ;ª\3if{n] pFrfO lnFb}hfFbf p;sf] ;xof]u gxf]nf eGg
;lsFb}g . kl/0ffdtM hg;ª\Vof / cfsf/ b'j}sf cfwf/df ljZjs}
7"nf oL b'O{ d'n's sDo'lgi6 aGg] 5g\ . h;sf] k|efj cGoq
klg km}lng]5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;dod} lgoGq0f
ug{ ef/tn] ;xof]u ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 .Ú o; ljifonfO{ lnP/
blIf0f Pl;of dfldnf x]g]{ cd]l/sL ;xfos ljb]zdGqL lqml:6gf /f]Ssfn]
af/Daf/ sf7df8f}F–lbNnL e|d0f u/]sL lyOg\ . h;sf] p2]Zo
ef/tnfO{ cfˆgf] ljZn]if0fdf ;xdt u/fpg' g} lyof] . t/
ef/tn] To;a]nf;Dd g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ uDeL/ vt/fsf] ¿kdf
lnPg .
g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿ ca ef/tdf klxnf ‰}F
;'/lIft /xg] cj:yf 5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] kl5Nnf]
a}7sn] g]tfx¿sf] cf>o:yn g]kfndf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ lg0f{o
klg To:t} cfef; kfP/ u/]sf] x'g;S5 . pgLx¿n] o;nfO{
…/0fgLlts k|Tofqmd0fsf] tof/LÚ sf] ;+1f lbP klg d"ntM
ef/tdf lgjf{w / lglj{£g cf>o kfpg] ;Defjgf ;dfKt ePkl5sf]
afWotf g} xf] . pgLx¿n] k'gM jftf{sf] s'/f ug{ yfNg'sf]
Pp6f d'Vo sf/0f klg oxL xf] .
km]l/ jftf{sf] s'/f
æca x'g] jftf{ k'/fgf] ;Qfsf gf]s/;Fu geO{ e/kbf]{ cGt/f{li6«o
dWo:ytf;lxt To;sf dflns;Fu x'G5Æ eg]sf] xKtf lbg klg glaTb}
dfcf]jfbL k|jQmf s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fn] % c;f]hdf ;/sf/n] …cftÍsf/L
laNnf x6fP/ jftfj/0f agfP jftf{ x'g;Sg]Ú wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf
5g\ . …/fhfsf gf]s/;Fu jftf{ ub}{gf}FÚ eGg] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
cf7 lbg glaTb} To;f] ug]{ ;f]r lsg cfof] < ljb|f]xLx¿
cfkm"dfly 7"nf] ;Í6 gcfP;Dd jftf{sf] s'/f ub}{gg\ .
To;}n] ef/t s8f x'Fbf cfOkg]{ ;Í6 / To;sf] k|ltjfb ug]{ Ifdtf
j[l4 ug{ g} pgLx¿n] jftf{sf] s'/f ug{ yfn]sf xg\ eGg]
a'´g sl7g 5}g . g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbL o'4 / To;n] ef/tdf
kfg{ ;Sg] k|efjaf/] kL8An"hL / Pd;L;L k|efljt ( j6f k|fGtsf
d'VodGqLx¿sf] a}7s al;/x]sf] a]nf k|jQmf dx/fsf] ;/sf/n]
jftf{sf] jftfj/0f agfpg'kg]{ s'/f cfPsf] xf] .
k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] cl3Nnf] dlxgf lbNnL e|d0f
u/]/ kms]{kl5 dfcf]jfbL k|efljt k|fGtsf d'VodGqLx¿sf] a}7s
a;]sf] lyof] . h;nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm"x¿dfly ug{
nfluPsf] …bdgsf] ;xsfo{Ú sf ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ .
s]xL klxn];Dd g]kfndf cv8f hdfP/ cd]l/sfn] ef/t / rLgnfO{ ‰'sfpg]
if8oGq u/]sf] eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg] dfcf]jfbL clxn] ef/tk|lt cfqmfds
b]lvPsf] 5 . cd]l/sL gLlt cg'?k g} ef/t cufl8 cfpg] ;Defjgf
a9]kl5 ;f]sf] k|ltjfb ug{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] gofF df]8nsf] ;}Go
tof/L ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 .
cGt/f{li6«o ;~hfn lgdf{0fsf] ;d:of
ef/tLo e"lddf …x]8Sjf6/Ú /fv]/ dfcf]jfbLx¿n]
o'/f]lkog d'n'sx¿df cfˆgf] /fhgLlts ;~hfn km}NofPsf
5g\ . hd{gL, a]lNhod cflb d'n'sdf dfcf]jfbLsf b"tx¿
clxn] klg ;lqmo 5g\ . ef/tLo e"ldaf6} lu/ˆtf/ ls/0f,
;LkL uh'/]n, dft[sf ofbj, ;'/]z cfn]du/nufotsf s]Gb|Lo g]tfx¿nfO{
/fhgLlts z/0ffyL{sf] ¿kdf o"/f]kdf z/0f lbnfpg] k|of;
ul//x]sf lyP . @$ dfr{ @))$ df hd{g jlsnx¿ o'/u]g :gfO8/,
ONkmf xf]sdg / xfOs] Snfp;nfO{ klxnf] r/0fdf ;LkL uh'/]nsf] l/xfOsf
nflu kxn ug{ ef/tsf] r]Gg]Odf k7fpg pgLx¿ ;kmn ePsf lyP .
To;kl5 hd{g dlxnf jlsn xfOs] Snfp;n] h]g]efl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo
z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL pRrfof]unfO{ kq n]v]/ uh'/]nnfO{ z/0f lbg cfu|x
u/]sf] s'/f ;d]t ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . oL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{
dfcf]jfbLsf] kxndf jN8{;\ lkk'N; /]lh:6]06 hd{g zfvfsf ;b:o cd]l/sL
gful/s cfy{/ kl;{sf] kxndf ePsf] lyof] . :d/0f/xf];\, ;LkL
uh'/]n o'/f]k hfg] qmddf gSsnL kf;kf]6{ sf08df r]Gg]O ljdfg:ynaf6
lu/ˆtf/ ePsf lyP .
o;/L dfcf]jfbLn] ef/tLo e"ld k|of]u u/]/
a]nfot, O6fnL, :jL6\h/Nof08, hd{gLnufotsf d'n'sx¿df ;Dks{
;"q lj:tf/ ub}{ g]tfx¿sf] l/xfOsf nflu ef/tnfO{ bafa
lbg yfn]sf]n] klg dfcf]jfbLk|lt ef/t s7f]/ x'g ljjz x'Fb} uPsf]
xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] s"6gLlts lj:tf/ / Pd;L;L Pj+ kL8An'hL;Fusf]
3lgi6tfn] ef/tnfO{ yk lrlGtt agfPsf] x'g'k5{ .
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