l/kf]6{÷dfcf]jfbL
k"j{df dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Iflt, klZrddf hgtfnfO{
laklQ
dg]{ / efUg] qmd a9\of]
g]skf dfcf]jfbLdf
s'zn ;Ë7ssf] ¿kdf lrlgg] /fdaxfb'/ yfkf …afbnÚn]
k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 ;Dxfn]kl5 klg dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;'/Iff
sfjf{xLdf dfl/g] / efUg] qmddf sdL cfPsf] 5}g, a? a9]sf] 5 .
k"jL{ s]Gb|Lo sdf08 OGrfh{ df]xg j}B …ls/0fÚ ut
r}tdf ef/tsf] l;lnu'8Ldf kqmfp k/]kl5 kf6L{n] …afbnÚnfO{
Tof] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] a'l‰G5 .
zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k"jL{ x]8Sjf6{/ O6x/Lsf
cg';f/, ;'/Iffkmf}hn] @% ebf}b]lv * c;f]h;Dd k"jL{ If]qdf @&
dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf ( dfcf]jfbL lu/ˆtf/
eP / * hgfn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf 5g\ .
kl5Nnf] sf/afxLdf dfl/g]x¿df pkNnf] txsf dft[sf
/fpt …hgsÚ x'g\ . !% cf}F a6flnog …PÚ
sDkgLsf sdf08/ …hgsÚ ;nf{xLsf] s]jnr'/L Onfsfdf @(
ebf}df dfl/Psf lyP . To:t}, l;/fxfsf] eutk'/ Onfsfdf ;]S;g
sdf08/ …;LdfÚ ;lxt & hgf / ;f]n'sf] g]rf Onfsfdf
Pl/of OGrfh{ cho zdf{ …g]kfnÚ ;lxt kfFr dfcf]jfbL dfl/Psf
lyP . To:t} cf]vn9'Ëfsf] 3'dL{ Onfsfdf Pl/of sdf08/ kj{t/fh
e§/fO{ …;'zLnÚ / Onfdsf] PstKkf–( df ufh;
pkk|d'v xf]daxfb'/ uf]bf/ …lab'/Ú klg ;'/Iff sf/afxLdf
dfl/Psf 5g .
xltof/;lxt cfTd;dk{0f ug]{df dfcf]jfbLsf] k"jL{
% g+ lhNnfsf] ^ g+ Pl/ofsf OGrfh{ /fhs'df/ >]i7 …zlQmÚ
;lxt * hgf 5g\ . yf?jfg\ d'lQm df]rf{sf] lhNnf ;lrj rt'/gf/fo0f
rf}w/L …k|sfzÚ / wgs'6fsf k"j{ hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v
k~rnfn /fO{ ;lxt ( hgf dfcf]jfbL kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . To;cl3 @)
ebf}df l;/fxfsf] nIdLk'/, wG5jf/df dfcf]jfbL 5}7f}F la|u]8 sld;f/
tyf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o z]/dfg s'Fj/ …ljzfnÚ / j}slNks s]Gb|Lo
;b:o df]xgrGb| uf}td …s'df/Ú dfl/P . Tof] dfcf]jfbLsf]
lglDt 7"nf] wSsf lyof] .
sf]zL c~rn x]g]{ @ g+ aflxgL lxn]sf sfd' aflxgLklt
dxf;]gfgL /fh /f0ff cfˆgf]] If]qdf dfq xfn;Dd %$) dfcf]jfbL
dfl/Psf] / !&% hgfn] cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . O6x/Ldf
;]gfsf] k"jL{ k[tgf :yfkgf ePsf]] !( dlxgfsf] cjlwdf Ps xhf/
eGbf a9L dfcf]jfbL ;'/Iff sfjf{xLdf dfl/Psf] / ^ ;on] cfTd;dk{0f
u/]sf 5g\ . k"jL{ If]qdf #^ j6f gofF ;'/Iff kf]i6 ylkPsf]
5 . ;'/Iffkmf}hn] k"jL{ kxf8L lhNnfsf ufpF–ufpFdf
:yn / xjfO{ sfjf{xL ;d]t a9fpFb} nu]sf] 5 .
To;}n] k"jL{ k[tgfn] & c;f]hdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng
u/]/ cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] ;ef–h'n';df ghfg cg'/f]w
u/]sf] 5 . xjfO{ cfqmd0fsf qmddf ;j{;fwf/0f xtfxt gx'g\ eg]/
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] k[tgfsf k|d'v ;]gfgL laGb' uf}td atfpF5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] k"j{df s]xL ;do otf t/fO{sf zx/ s]lGb|t
sfjf{xL a9fpFb} ;b/d'sfddf ;d]t cfqmd0f ug]{ xNnf rnfpFb} cfPsf]
5 . ;–;fgf la:kmf]6 / sfjf{xL ub}{ cfP klg 7"n}
sfjf{xL ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿n] @# ebf}df Onfd /
kfFry/sf] ;b/d'sfddf cfqmd0f ug]{ k"j{ hfgsf/L lbFb} ;b/d'sfd
vfnL ug{ ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf lyP . ljleGg If]qaf6 cg'/f]w
ubf{ ;d]t s]Gb|Lo lg0f{o eGb} cfqmd0fsf] sfo{qmd lkmtf{ lng gldNg]
atfPsf dfcf]jfbLn] To;f] ug{ g;Sg'af6 Tof] Pp6f cftÍ km}nfpg]
/0fgLlt dfq ;fljt ePsf] 5 . k"jL{ If]qdf dfcf]jfbL ;+/rgf
tx;–gx; kf/]sf] bfaL ug]{ k"jL{ k[tgfklt k|lbkk|tfk ad
dNn eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbLn] k"jf{~rnsf] h'g;'s} :yfgdf cfqmd0f
u/] klg pgLx¿n] 7"nf] Iflt a]xf]g{] 5g\ .Æ
•
8Da/s[i0f >]i7,
w/fgdf
æxltof/ / wDsLsf] /fh dfq 5Æ

8Da/ |
ef]hk'/, af]of
lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsf] k"jL{ % g+ lhNnfsf] ^ g+ Pl/ofsf OGrfh{
/fhs'df/ >]i7 …zlQmÚ klxn] g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf
sfo{stf{ lyP . pgL @ h]7 @)%* df e"ldut ePsf lyP .
ut jif{ cg]/f:jljo'sf cWoIf /fh]Gb| /fO{nfO{ ckx/0f / l/xf ug]{
pg} lyP . @( ebf}df pgn] xltof/;lxt ;'/Iffkmf}h ;dIf cfTd;dk{0f
u/] . /, nuQ} kl/jf/;lxt ef/t knfog eP .
dfcf]jfbL lsg 5f8\g'eof] <
s's'/–la/fnf] h;/L dg'{k5{ . afFr'~h]n hgtfnfO{ 8/–qf;
b]vfof] . b]zdf xfd|f] ;Qf cfO;Sof], dfcf]jfbLn] (% k|ltzt
pTkLl8tsf] pTyfg u/]sf] 5 eg]/ 9fF6\g'kYof]{ . of] rfnfn] s]xL
gx'g] b]v]kl5 dfcf]jfbL 5f]8]sf] x'F .
kf6L{sf] cj:yf rflxF s:tf] 5 <
dfl/g] qmd a9]kl5 efubf}8 5 . kof{Kt xltof/ 5}gg\ . ;'/Iffkmf}hn]
sltv]/ sxfF df5{ eGg] qf; hlta]nf klg x'G5 . ef]hk'/df clxn]
c9fO{ ;o eGbf a9L …xf]n 6fOd/Ú g} 5}gg\, w]/}n] 5fl8;s] .
ePsfx¿ klg kf6L{ 5f8]/ cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ df}sfsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ .
sfo{stf{ g} lkFh8fsf ;'uf h:tf ePsf 5g\ . lj/f]w u/] Hofg}
hfG5 .
ufpF–3/df t dfcf]jfbLs} /fh
5, x}g <
;'/Iffkmf}h gk'u]/ dfq To:tf] nfu]sf] xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;Ë7g
eGbf klg xltof/, 8/ / wDsLsf] e/df hgtfnfO{ ks8df lnPsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL 5f8]/ s] ug{'x'G5 t <
ef/tlt/ hfFb}5' . oxfF t dfcf]jfbL 5f8\g]n] afFRg} ufx|f] x'G5,
dfl/xfN5g\ . To;}n] ef/tdf st} sfd u/]/ a:5' .
hgtfnfO{ ;f:tL
dfcf]jfbLn] jftf{sf] lglDt ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg
lgxTyf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o;sf] lglDt pgLx¿n]
slxn] lzIfsnfO{ slxn] ;'/IffsdL{sf kl/jf/nfO{ t slxn] ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfnfO{ 8/–qf; b]vfpFb} ptfl//x]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLsf] wDsLkl5 bz}Fsf] d'vdf h'Dnf, lj/f6
uflj;sf] df‰a'8'sf @* 3/sf !)! hgf ;j{;fwf/0fx¿ efu]/
* c;f]hdf ;'v]{tsf] jL/]Gb|gu/ k'u]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z dlxnf,
s]6fs]6L / j[4fj[4f 5g\ . pgLx¿ /]8qm; ejgsf] cufl8
v'nf d}bfgdf kfn 6fFu]/ a;]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLn] @& ebf};Dddf ls 3/ 5f]8\g ls
dfcf]jfbLdf nfUg jf Ps JolQm a/fa/ Ps nfv rGbf lbg eg]kl5 ufpF g}
vfnL u/L pgLx¿ @$ ebf} /ftf/ft l5d]sL lhNnf d'u'sf] udu9L
k'u]sf lyP . cfkm"n] eg] cg';f/ gu/] ufpFdf clglZrtsfnLg
gfsfaGbL nufpg], vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk sfl6lbg] of]hgf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'gfPkl5
Hofg arfpgs} nflu ufO{, uf]?, e]8fafv|f, 3/hUuf a]jfl/;] 5f]8]/
lxF8\g' k/]sf] /fdaxfb'/ a'9f atfpF5g\ . /ftf/ft efUbf !$ jifL{of
rGb| a'9fsf] xft efFlRrPsf] 5 .
k};fsf] hf]xf] ug{ ;s]sfx¿ t d'u'af6
k|ltJolQm @@ ;o x]lnsf]K6/ ef8f lt/]/ cfP gePsf s]xL eg] d'u'd}
cnkq 5g\ . !@ lbg d'u'df a:bf bfn, rfdn, nQf sk8f lsGg dxFuf]
kg]{ ePsf]n] If]qLo ;b/d'sfd ‰/]sf] atfpg]x¿ eG5g\,
!% lhNnfsf] of] If]qLo c8\8fdf xfd|f ;d:of ;'Gg] / a'´g] xflsdx¿
a:5g\, To;}n] xfd|f] dsf{ rfF8} ;/sf/;dIf k'¥ofP/ /fxtsf] Joj:yf
ldnfOlbG5g\ eGg] cfzfn] cfPsf xf}F . kL8fn] cfhLt ePsf wgnfn
a'9f t …;/sf/n] bz}F;Dd ufF;, af; / skf;sf] Joj:yf gu/] ;fd"lxs
cfTdxTof ug]{ lg0f{odf ;d]t k'u]sf 5f}FÚ ;Dd eG5g\ .

k|sfz kGt |
dfcf]jfbLsf] pbL{kl5 3/af/ 5f]8]/ /ftf/ft
;'v]{t ‰/]sf h'Dnfaf;L . |
clxn] cfP/ qf;eGbf klg ufF;, af;sf] ;d:ofn]
lk/f]n]sf] cg'ej ul//x]sf xl/s[i0f a'9fsf] u'gf;f] 5, …:jf:gL,
5f]/Lx¿sf u/uxgf / s]xL arfO/fv]sf] k};fn] x]lnsf]K6/ r9L
;'v]{t;Dd cfOk'Uof}F . oxfF g a:gsf] 7]ufg 5, g vfgfsf] .Ú
;'v]{tl:yt s]xL sfof{no / ;+3;+:yfx¿n] lqkfn, rfdn, bfn,
nQfsk8f /fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL HofbtLsf] >[ª\vnf oltd} ;lsFb}g .
lhNnf hgkl/ifb cGtu{tsf] lzIff ljefun] /fv]sf !^ ;"qLo dfu
k"/f u/fpg ;'v]{t lhNnfel/sf ‰08} tLgxhf/ lzIfs / ljBfno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ % c;f]hdf ;b/d'sfdl:yt lhNnf
lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp ug{ afWo kf/] dfcf]jfbLn]]] . pgLx¿n]
lhNnf lzIff sfof{nonfO{ cfˆgf dfu k'/f u/fpg lbPsf] !% lbg]
clN6d]6d l;l4Ps} lbg lzIfs cleefjsn] lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp u/]sf lyP .
t/ ;'/Iffsf sf/0f pgLx¿sf dfux¿df
dfcf]jfbLsf dfudf eGbf zAbx¿ km/s lyP, cfzo eg] ldNbf]h'Nbf] .
dfcf]jfbLs} bafadf wgf{ lbg cfPsf] atfpg] Ps lzIfs eG5g\, ædfcf]jfbLs}
dfu k'/f u/fpg cfpg' xfd|f] afWotf xf] . hlt g} cfGbf]ng u/]
klg xfd|f dfu ;/sf/n] slxn] kf] k'/f u/]sf] lyof] / ÛÆ
o;cl3 lzIfs ;+3;Ë7gx¿n] cfGbf]ng ubf{ slxNo} klg olt
7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf lzIfsx¿ pkl:yt x'Fb}gy] . x'g
klg pgLx¿ Hofg hf]ufpg h] ug{ klg afWo 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf
dfudf z}lIfs If]qdf cd]l/sL nufgL aGb ul/g'kg]{, ljBfno, lzIfs /
ljBfyL{dfly eO/x]sf] ;}Go cftÍ aGb x'g'kg]{, c:yfoL lzIfsnfO{
;fdfGo k|lqmofaf6 :yfoL ug'{kg]{ cflb 5g\ .
To;sf] kfFr lbg glaTb} !) c;f]hdf ;'v]{tsf]
s/La Psxhf/ ;'/IffsdL{sf kl/jf/n] cfkmGtnfO{ hflu/ 5f]8L tTsfn 3/
lkmtf{ u/fpg :yfgLo k|zf;gdfkm{t\ !! ;"qLo dfu ;/sf/nfO{ a'‰fPsf
5g\ . cfkmGtnfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 lkmtf{ gaf]nfP kl/jf/nfO{
g} ufpFdf a:g glbg] dfcf]jfbL pbL{kl5 ;'/IffsdL{sf cfkmGt To;f]
ug{ afWo ePsf x'g\ .
hflu/ vfP/ 5f]/fn] kfNnf eGg] cfzn] PSnf] 5f]/f]nfO{
b'O{ jif{cl3 ;z:q k|x/Ldf k7fPsf kf]v/LsfF8f uflj;–$ ljp/]gLsf
cd/b]j lu/L clxn] …d]/f] 5f]/f] lkmtf{ u/Ú eGb} lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nodf wgf{ lbO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLh:tf w]/}n] af]s]sf]
Kn]sf8{ / Jofg/df …xfdLnfO{ 5f]/f rflxof] hflu/ geP klg x'G5Ú
n]lvPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿dWo] Pshgfn] lxdfn ;Fu eg], æ5f]/f
lkmtf{ gnu] t xfdLnfO{ ufpFd} hfg lbFb}gg\ .Æ Ps ;}lgssf
afa' u'6' uflj;–# sf afnf/fd cfrfo{ eG5g\, æls l56f]
xfd|f 5f]/f lkmtf{ u/ x}g eg] l56f] jftf{ u/]/ zflGt :yfkgf u/ .Æ
oL dfu :yfgLo :t/af6 k'/f x'g] klg xf]Ogg\ . k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
ltns/fd zdf{, æoL dfu xfdL k'/f ug{ ;Sb}gf}+, t}klg ;DalGwt
lgsfodf k'¥ofOlbG5f}FÆ eG5g\ .
k|sfz kGt, /fd]Zj/ af]x/f,
;"o{dl0f uf}td, ;'v]{tdf
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